I have used Waydroid, mainly with FOSS apps, and although it has some rough edges, it does often work for just having one or two Android apps functionality.

Linux on mobile as a whole isn’t daily driver ready yet in my opinion. I’ve only tried pmOS on a OP6, but that seems to be a leading project on a well-supported phone (compared to the rest).

1. The main fundamental differences are the package manager, the way the system is setup (partitons, immutable distros), and possibly software you don’t want installed. Aside from that, you can install basically anything on any distro. Some do make it easier than others to install new things though.
2. Canonical (Ubuntu and direct spinoffs) and Manjaro are the ones I recommend avoiding, because their marketing and “general sentiment” goes against my opinions of the distros/maintainers. However, switching Linux distros (especially to another one with a similar base) is not nearly as daunting of a task as switching from Windows to Linux. Some corporate distro owners might pull something like advertising, but there’s often an easy way out (except with snaps).
3. As for the distros you mentioned, Fedora, Mint, and Pop!_OS are all good options. Mint and Pop!_OS are both based on Ubuntu, which could cause issues in the future, but Mint is working on a Linux Mint Debian Edition. Aside from that, my general recommendation is to stay close to upstream. Distros further downstream tend to break more often (think spinoffs of Ubuntu, Arch derivatives, forks of Fedora, etc). There are exceptions to this rule, like when a distro stays close to upstream.
4. In recent times, it should all be working okay! We’re “in the middle of a long time switch” from X11 to Wayland. Those are protocols for the way applications display to the screen. X11 is lacking features, like HDR, and can have issues with “weird” multimonitor setups. Wayland is being actively developed, multimonitor works fine, and HDR is available for some desktop environments (like KDE or GNOME). Not all distros default (or support) Wayland yet, so if you need HDR, pick a distro with KDE or GNOME as its desktop environment.
5. This situation has gotten more complex with Wayland (one of the pain points still being worked on). The features you get partially depend on which DE (or wayland compositor) you choose. Previously on X11, this wasn’t the case. For Wayland DEs, KDE is moving relatively fast, with new features nearly every release. GNOME is moving slower, but should cover most people’s needs. As for tinkering around with your choice of UI/DE, there’s many options available, but KDE offers by far the easiest customization possible (it’s all in the settings menu). There’s more complex, more customizable options available, but I wouldn’t recommend them as a starting point.
6. As for nvidia, it has been progressively getting better, but there are still nvidia specific issues that come up from time to time. There’s not really much you can do about it, aside from following changelogs and updating when the thing you’re running into is fixed.

Now for your list of applications:

• Gaming (through steam) works great! There’s definitely still issues, but I’d argue there’s not really more issues than on Windows, just different issues. There is one category of games that’s still problematic, games with kernel level anticheat. They do not and likely will never play on Linux. Other launchers (EA Play, Ubisoft Connect, Epic) can have their own issues, although there’s often fixes/workarounds available rather quickly.
• Firefox works just fine on Linux.
• VLC works great too, although there are other options available that are more modern or better in some ways. It’s up to you to decide what to use.
• Spotify works just fine, there’s always the website in case nothing else works, but the “app” as a flatpak or even through repos works too.
• Discord has some issues accepting that Linux exists, but have recently started making some changes with that. Most people either use Disocrd in the webbrowser (to prevent too much system access), or run a custom client like Vesktop.
• Godot works great on Linux, I don’t have much else to say about it tbh.
• Visual Studio Code too, it’s basically just a webapp. Some integrations might be slightly different (like the terminal), but otherwise stuff “just works”.
• Git was quite literally made for Linux first (as a project, but also as a platform to run on).
• Photoshop is going to be difficult to get running, if it works at all. You can certainly try, but it might be a good option to find an alternative for this one.
• Audacity works great
• Davinci Resolve does have a Linux version, but the free version can be picky about codecs. There’s always tools to reencode your inputs, but it’s not always convenient drag and drop.
• Misc. tinkering is going to be much more fun, as things in Linux ecosystems are often open source. Not only can you mess around with tools that already exist, you can edit them, or even make your own. Some “niche” hardware might give you issues (like iirc the goxlr, or some capture cards).

The antivirus: Used to be good, decent free (in price) tool if you’re in a situation where you need one. Otherwise, Windows Defender is good enough for your needs. (And just don’t install goofy ahh apps on Android, you also don’t need one there).

The VPN: Same as any other VPN company. Chances are you don’t need one, and all of them are based fully on trust. “Least bad” VPN award goes to Mullvad.

NordVPN (and their entire service stack) is not trustworthy at all.

https://ntfy.sh/

Easily set up, and easily attached to other things. Simple notifications about whatever is needed, like service health or updates, new posts on public platforms, etc. A simple curl is plenty to send and receive notifications, and it works on Android without requiring FCM (Google infrastructure).

I use mautrix/discord, it can work in both puppeting (sign into your account) mode and relay (bot account with webhooks) mode.

1. A puppeting (personal account) Discord bridge basically requires your own homeserver. You are trusting the homeserver owner / bridge host fully with your Discord account.
2. It is technically against Discord ToS. While I don’t think anyone’s been banned yet, several people have started receiving warnings that they “spammed”, most of them after sending an attachment. These warnings are on your account for 2 years, and could contribute to an account ban.
3. Voice chat is not, and probably will not be supported.
4. Do NOT bridge a “large” server. You are essentially re-hosting the chats, which can be extremely taxing for large and active Discord servers.

I use mine for a single channel in a “medium-size” server (~2k people), a friend group server, DMs, and a few channels that follow a bunch of announcement channels on other servers.

““compromised device”” in this scenario is any device with a chat app installed, push notifications on, and the chat service uses Cloudflare CDN. This is a very common setup, Discord and Signal were mentioned as examples. Many others are vulnerable for the same thing. With read receipts on the chat platform (like Signal), no push notifications are required.

The headline is sensationalist, but it isn’t something to be ignored. Especially for more privacy focused platforms like Signal, even leaking the country someone is in can be considered a risk. That’s effectively what this attack allows.

virt-manager only requires access to the libvirtd socket, as long as the flatpak.has that as default configuration (which I imagine would be the case), there’s zero difference beteween flatpak and native.

Sorry, posted that on mobile without checking that it’s not the mobile link.

There’s a legal precedent that cookie stuffing is considered wire fraud

There’s several online sources that compile some of the reasons why Manjaro is objectively a bad distro, here’s one as an example: https://manjarno.pages.dev/

You’re free to choose whatever you want on your system, I just reccomend against Manjaro (and Ubuntu).

In the past, I would’ve agreed. These days, hardware compatibility for anything except the very latest is pretty much the same among distros.

I’ve got one friend who uses mint, but I’ve also seen memes dunking on it so who knows. I actually really only know what I’ve seen from you all shitposting in other communities

Every distro gets shit on in memes, because each distro does things its own way that some don’t agree with. As a new user, most of that doesn’t matter much, the biggest changes between distros are how stuff works in the background. What matters more is your choice of Desktop Environment (DE). Essentially “the coat of paint on top”. Most distros offer a couple different options when downloading the ISO, or when installing it.

I’d reccomend starting out by trying GNOME and KDE Plasma (if they’re easily available for your distro), with GNOME being slightly more macOS-like, and KDE being somewhat similar in feel to Windows. Those are “the big two” DEs, but there’s plenty of other options available if you don’t like them.

As for distros, whatever works for you is the option you should go with. There’s only two distros I recommend against using, Ubuntu (/ close derivatives) and Manjaro. Ubuntu is becoming extremely corporate, going against the “spirit” of a Linux distro. There’s “Ubuntu Pro”, a subscription for security updates, and “snap”, an “alternative to” flatpak that forces you on Ubuntu managed repositories, along with many other issues. Manjaro is often marketed as “an easy Arch-based distro”, but is in fact only very loosely derived from Arch. This combined with Manjaro team’s inability to maintain the distro properly, causes nothing but issues.

As for every other distro, if it’s being updated, and it works for you, then it’s a great option. Because that second one is very personal, there is no “single best Linux distro”. I would personally suggest to check out Mint and Fedora, those are often great options.

As someone else mentioned, with a “new laptop”, hardware compatibility may be an issue. Most distros allow you to try them off the USB before installing, that’s probably a good idea.

Ubuntu is horrible these days, including most derivatives that change nothing but the DE. If you want Ubuntu, use Mint instead. There’s plenty of other options available, like Fedora, Pop!_OS, etc.

As for testing, most distribution installers allow you to try them without installing first. No need to set up anything separate for that.

While it might seem interesting for your usecase, please be careful which specific distro you use, especially when it comes to “windows-like” distros. Wubuntu (previously LinuxFX) has terrible security for your payment info, and the developers have made a ton of questionable decisions.

This issue is also visible on my firmware setting (BIOS)

That means it’s hardware.

Not entirely. SteamVR on Linux is almost that bad, yes. With ALVR you can try to use standalones on SteamVR, but it’s not very stable. Most games will “run” under SteamVR and modern proton, I’ve only encountered a few situations where they don’t, once again caused by kernel level anticheat. SteamVR does have major issues with stability and reprojection, which makes the VR experience much worse overall.

However, Monado and WiVRN (+ OpenComposite) are great when using Envision. Not all games run, and some have input issues, but it’s significantly better than SteamVR. With a couple overlays, you can get most functions working as expected, like desktop view, camera passthrough, etc.

As for “power management” and “bluetooth”, the only thing the Valve Index uses bluetooth for is power management. That doesn’t work in the drivers on Linux, but there are scripts you can use if you have a separate bluetooth dongle. It’s not a full fix, but not as painful as using an Android app or unplugging the basestations.

As we both noted, it requires setup and troubleshooting, and as someone who uses Linux for VR gaming too, I can’t recommend it to the average person. That does not make Windows a “requirement”, just much easier and the better plug and play experience.

Not needed, many VR games work fine under Proton. Unlike desktop though, not “plug and play”. If you’re ready to spend time troubleshooting, give Linux VR a try with SteamVR or Monado through Envision. If you just want to play VR, stick to Windows for now.

“LineageOS stan”?? The same arguments go for any custom Android rom that doesn’t ship with Google Play Services or MicroG.

“It’s always LineageOS users”

FYI, Since I personally prefer absolutely zero connections I didn’t approve of, I’m using a privacy-focused rom. I’m not even on LineageOS.

I love the complaining about privacy, after which you immediately share a google translate link. Was it that hard to find an English source stating LineageOS connects to Google?

Anyway, this doesn’t dispute any of my arguments. LineageOS connecting to Google by default does not mean it sends the same amount of data as a stock rom with Google Play Services. A user shouldn’t be discouraged in taking steps to further their privacy because it’s “not good enough”.

not actually degoogled

Aside from vendor firmware, LineageOS is mostly deblobbed by default afaik. The remaining bits that connect to google (by default) like AGPS or captive portal are significantly less information than full google play services.

try to do it in ways that provide no privacy benefit

Replacing google play services with microg might have the same security downsides as regular google play services (privileged access), however, MicroG is open source. It still connects to Google, but sends significantly less data, and you can see exactly what it sends.

Break any semblance of security model

Rooting is one example, but access to it is often left up to the user. Keeping the bootloader unlocked has some major security downsides, but they’re entirely for when an attacker has physical access. The privacy downsides of an unlocked bootloader do exist, but they’re hard to exploit even with physical access.

ingnoring all of AOSP is Google

Yes, this is something you are forced to ignore with any custom Android ROM. Graphene, Divest, Calyx, etc all suffer from the same issue. Sending data to Google and privacy is not the same as being independant from Google developed software.

purely focussing on Google

On an AOSP or LineageOS based rom without preinstalled bloat, this is almost entirely up to user choice. You can choose to only install FOSS apps without trackers, or use Aurora store and install proprietary apps. You can choose to block network access for apps with trackers, or isolate them to a work profile and kill them in the background. It isn’t good to focus only on Google, but it’s a good starting point to use a rom without standard google play services.

While I agree that a hardened and privacy focused rom is better for privacy than regular LineageOS, privacy is not black and white. MicroG sending significantly less data is better than full access google play services sending all data. Not sending data is better than MicroG. That doesn’t mean every user is able to use an entirely degoogled rom. Each person should decide for themselves what they’re okay with and what they absolutely require on their own device. When someone is trying to get some privacy back, MicroG is a great option “in the middle” where as little functionality as possible is lost while sending as little data as possible. Discouraging that someone takes steps to improve their privacy just because it isn’t perfect is not good, as that often results in someone not taking any steps towards privacy.

On the compatibility, while MicroG has some issues with specific apps, it does generally work (from what I hear from others). Not having google play services (or MicroG) can work, but it requires missing out on some google services like notifications for proprietary apps. For me personally, that’s not a big issue, as I only use FOSS apps.